A cowherd tends the herd with care,
He knows the paths and waters there.
He sees the wounds, he tends the flame,
With wisdom guiding every name.
Without attention, without skill,
The herd cannot grow upon the hill.
So too the heart, when left astray,
May lose its peace along the way.
[Pre-Chorus]
The eye sees forms, the ear hears sound,
The mind receives what comes around.
With mindfulness, we clearly see,
And let go of what binds us free.
[Chorus]
Be the cowherd of your heart,
Let the Dhamma be your guiding star.
See impermanence in all that stays,
See suffering in changing ways.
Loving-kindness, compassion, joy,
Equanimity no hate destroys.
With concentration, wisdom bright,
We leave the defilements behind.
[Verse 2]
When greed arises in the mind,
Let wisdom see what lies behind.
When anger burns like rising flame,
Let loving-kindness cool its name.
When delusion hides the truth from view,
Let understanding guide us through.
See all things arise and pass away,
And release attachment day by day.
[Bridge]
First jhāna, second jhāna,
Third and fourth, a peaceful panorama.
Loving-kindness, compassion, joy,
Equanimity no hate destroys.
Infinite space, consciousness wide,
Nothingness where thoughts subside.
Train the mind with care and grace,
And walk the path to freedom’s place.
[Chorus]
Be the cowherd of your heart,
Let the Dhamma be your guiding star.
See impermanence in all that stays,
See suffering in changing ways.
Loving-kindness, compassion, joy,
Equanimity no hate destroys.
With concentration, wisdom bright,
We leave the defilements behind.
[Outro]
Care for the heart as a cowherd tends the herd,
Let every thought be known and heard.
With virtue, wisdom, peace, and light,
Walk the Dhamma toward the highest sight.
The Tipiṭaka Presents the Cowherd Analogy for Mental Training, Mindfulness, and the Abandoning of Defilements
The Buddha’s teachings in Volume 24 of the Sutta Piṭaka, Volume 16, Aṅguttara Nikāya, Ekādasa Nipāta, in the discourses not included in a Paṇṇāsaka, present a method of mental cultivation through the analogy of “the cowherd and the herd.” The teachings also identify eleven qualities to be cultivated for higher knowledge, understanding, and the abandoning of defilements, especially greed, hatred, and delusion, as well as anger, conceit, and negligence.
The Cowherd and the Care of the Herd
The Buddha explained that a cowherd possessing eleven unsuitable qualities would be unable to make a herd of cattle grow and prosper.
These qualities include not knowing the forms of the cattle, lacking skill in recognizing their characteristics, failing to remove eggs or parasites, failing to cover wounds, failing to light a fire, not knowing the watering places, not knowing whether the cattle had already drunk water, not knowing the roads, lacking knowledge of suitable grazing grounds, leaving no milk behind when milking, and failing to honor the leading bulls of the herd with the highest respect.
This analogy illustrates the importance of knowledge, careful attention, and appropriate management in caring for whatever is under one’s responsibility.
From Caring for Cattle to Understanding the Mind and the Sense Bases
The Buddha compared the cowherd’s shortcomings with those of a monk who possesses eleven unsuitable qualities and is therefore unable to contemplate the impermanence, suffering, non-self, ending, decline, fading away, cessation, and relinquishment of various phenomena.
The field of contemplation includes the internal and external sense bases: the eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, mind, visible forms, sounds, odors, tastes, tangible objects, and mental objects. It also includes consciousness, contact, feelings, perceptions, intentions, craving, thought, and examination associated with these objects.
The essential point is that mental cultivation is not merely the act of receiving sensory information. It involves examining phenomena according to reality, recognizing their arising and passing away, and avoiding attachment to things that are constantly changing.
In contrast, just as a cowherd with eleven suitable qualities can make a herd grow and prosper, a monk possessing eleven suitable qualities can contemplate the various characteristics of the sense bases and related phenomena.
Eleven Qualities to Be Cultivated for Higher Knowledge and the Abandoning of Defilements
The discourse also identifies eleven practices to be cultivated for higher knowledge of greed:
The first jhāna.
The second jhāna.
The third jhāna.
The fourth jhāna.
The liberation of mind through loving-kindness.
The liberation of mind through compassion.
The liberation of mind through appreciative joy.
The liberation of mind through equanimity.
The attainment of the base of infinite space.
The attainment of the base of infinite consciousness.
The attainment of the base of nothingness.
These eleven practices are also described as things to be cultivated for higher knowledge, full understanding, exhaustion, abandoning, ending, decline, fading away, cessation, relinquishment, and complete letting go of greed.
The same principle is extended to the abandoning of hatred, delusion, anger, resentment, contempt, rivalry, envy, stinginess, deceit, fraud, obstinacy, competitiveness, conceit, intoxication, and negligence.
Application to Contemporary Life
The teachings in this discourse can be applied to personal development and social relationships by encouraging awareness of experiences received through the eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind, as well as the feelings, emotions, and thoughts that arise.
Mindfulness gives individuals an opportunity to recognize changing emotions before responding through anger, delusion, or negligence. Loving-kindness, compassion, appreciative joy, and equanimity provide ways to develop ethical and constructive relationships with others.
For Buddhist studies, the cowherd analogy offers a clear illustration that mental cultivation requires knowledge, careful attention, systematic care, and continuous contemplation of phenomena.
The discourse concludes with the Buddha’s teaching on the eleven qualities, after which the monks rejoiced in and approved of his words.
Source: Tipiṭaka Volume 24, Sutta Piṭaka Volume 16, Aṅguttara Nikāya, Ekādasa Nipāta, discourses not included in a Paṇṇāsaka, passages 229–231, based on the material provided.
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