Amid the rapid transformation of the world in the age of Artificial Intelligence (AI), scholars of Buddhism and technology have proposed a framework for building global peace through the application of teachings from the Mūlapariyāya Sutta, a significant discourse found in the Majjhima Nikāya, Mūlapaṇṇāsaka of the Sutta Piṭaka. The sutta explores the “root foundation of all phenomena” and examines the origins of human attachment and misunderstanding.
The central teaching of the Mūlapariyāya Sutta explains how individuals perceive reality according to four levels of spiritual development: the ordinary person (Puthujjana), the trainee disciple (Sekha), the Arahant, and the Buddha. Ordinary people tend to perceive things through the lens of self-identity, regarding phenomena as “self” or “belonging to self.” As a result, attachment, aversion, preference, prejudice, and conflict inevitably arise.
By contrast, trainee disciples who are progressing on the path to liberation strive to reduce such attachments through wisdom and mindful cultivation. Arahants and Buddhas, having fully realized the truth of reality, directly comprehend phenomena as they truly are and are therefore no longer dominated by delusions of selfhood or possessiveness.
Experts emphasize that these teachings hold particular relevance for contemporary society in the AI era. While technology can greatly enhance human capabilities, it can also amplify existing human weaknesses. If people remain attached to identities, beliefs, ideologies, ethnic divisions, religions, or self-interest, technological advancements may become tools that intensify social polarization and global conflict.
However, by applying the principles of the Mūlapariyāya Sutta and cultivating awareness of how attachment and conceptualization arise, individuals can reduce bias, foster mutual understanding, and promote peaceful coexistence amid cultural and ideological diversity.
Scholars conclude that genuine peace does not begin merely with regulating technology. Rather, it begins with understanding the “root causes of suffering” within the human mind. When individuals learn to let go of attachment to ego and self-centered views, conflicts at personal, social, and international levels can be significantly reduced. Such inner transformation provides a vital foundation for sustainable global peace in the age of Artificial Intelligence.
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